Despite the significant outcomes of the BRICS summit held over three days in South Africa from August 22 to 24, 2023, with the participation of 50 heads of state and government, it was noteworthy that six countries were invited to join BRICS, starting from January 2024. Among them were two Gulf states, namely the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, among 22 other countries…
Dr. Ashraf Keshk, Senior Research Fellow